A rare renal condition, a known cause, but the lesser-known cause of Metabolic Acidosis, is Renal Tubular Acidosis. Renal Tubular Acidosis, or RTA as abbreviated, is due to mechanisms that dismantle the balance of Hydrogen and Bicarbonate in the blood-urine axis, leading to a lower pH, or acidic blood, as well as a vast array of complications associated with it. History dates the first indexed appearance to Lightwood in 1935, and Butler et al in children. About a decade later, in 1945, Baines et.al described it in adults. This review article looks at the literature and provides a brief insight into the topic