Lead is a widely used heavy metal with known toxicological effects, including severe health problems such as neurological damage, cardiovascular issues, and kidney damage. This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic effects of lead exposure in lead factory workers. Methodology: 173 lead factory workers and 179 control subjects were included in the study. Blood samples were analysed for lead levels using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Cytogenetic damage was assessed by examining chromosomal aberrations (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results: Blood lead levels in lead factory workers significantly increased compared to controls. Chromosomal aberration analysis, which included gaps, breaks, dicentrics, and polyploidy, showed no significant differences between the two groups. Sister chromatid exchange frequencies were higher in lead factory workers (SCE/cell: 3.47) than in controls (SCE/cell: 3.17), although this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The study showed no cytogenetic damage in lead factory workers although there was an increase in the BLLs in the workers.