Carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting are the standard therapies for the prevention of stroke in patients with significant carotid artery disease. Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) is a rare complication that may occur following either technique. This syndrome can develop at any time, from immediately after surgery to up to a month later. The causes appear to be impaired cerebral autoregulation and postoperatively elevated systemic blood pressure. CHP causes headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, macular edema, visual disturbance, focal motor seizures, and intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage. In this review, the definition, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options of CHS are discussed.