In Today’s, Digital communications Era sharing of information is increasing significantly. The Information being transmitted is vulnerable to various passive and active attacks. Therefore the information security is one of the most challenging aspects of communication. Cryptography plays an integral role in secure communication and it provides an excellent solution to offer the necessary protection against the Data Intruders. Over a period of time, Data encryption techniques took a massive leap from simple methods too complicated mathematical circulations. In order to achieve secure communications, however still with its complexity erypgraphic algorithms are prone to one or many attacks. Therefore this paper presents a detailed study about the Directions of safety, protection that leads to the Research process. The various symmetric key encryption techniques, its comparison, and the attacks to which they are vulnerable to.