The strength and durability of concrete after casting changes at variance factors regarding physical and chemical damages. Concrete structures with steel-reinforcement are in a continuous and losing life with corrosiveness that naturally occurs from long-term exposure to an aggressive environment. The concrete structure like dams, canals, bridges which have the influence of water forms various types of chemical reactions which include carbonation attack, sulfate attack, chloride attack, alkali-aggregate reaction, etc. Chemical reactions, either intrinsic or extrinsic, are one of the main reason for concrete’s deterioration. The present dissertation consists of an analysis of the chemical expansive reactions in concrete element, the alkalis aggregate reaction, and the internal sulfuric reaction. During the carbonation process, the fundamental element identified in the concrete microstructure is calcite which comes outs at the surface of concrete structure, in the form of cracks. When carbon dioxide causes by environment come contact into the concrete structure and effect with calcium hydroxide to create calcium carbonate this phenomenon is called as carbonation. Carbonation usually describes by ph value which indicates the depth of reaction in the structure. The depth of carbonation directly affects the life of the structure in the year. Through the years to overcome this problem the solution is being discovered by performing various experiments on Concrete after and before the casting. Which gave us the Chemical test like by increasing the CO2 binding capacity, improving CaO Value and physical tests such as applying an epoxy coating, etc. After all, performing the various types of test for a particular outcome finally check for durability tests for the concrete structure is taking place for better result. There are many of them but in this case, it will be ph indicator, UTM and CTM are being discussed. This project address the study of chemical reaction which is take place on various type of concrete structures and affect the durability and strength of it.