Large farms experience the need to produce sustainable food from limited resources while facing uncertain climate conditions. The- Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data Analytics are recent developments that propose solutions to these problems. Sensor networks powered by IoT technology in extensive agricultural areas monitor soil moisture levels, temperature, and nutrient conditions while tracking weather patterns. Cloud-based platforms and on-premise systems analyze the collected data using statistical methods, machine learning approaches, and geospatial analysis to produce decision-supporting insights. Through data-driven strategies, farmers achieve exact control over irrigation practices, fertilizer application, and pest management, re- resulting in reduced waste output while increasing crop yields. The review highlights large farm operations adopting IoT integration, data pipeline operations, and advanced analytical methods. The research reveals two main areas of challenge: limited connectivity, data security, and high scaling costs. The improved applications section investigates which specific regions need these solutions most. The path forward for smart farming development includes AI-enabled automation and blockchain-tracing systems.