NRHM is a crucial health initiative taken by the government to improve the health of the rural masses with the special attention to the disadvantaged groups including women and children. In this developing country with illiteracy, poverty, disparity, malnutrition etc, among the rural population, the mission aimed to have dramatic changes in the health status by providing affordable, accessible and available healthcare facility. Assam was embraced by the umbrella of the mission as one of the special focus states. Various initiatives and schemes have been undertaken under the mission to positively affect the health status of the state. An attempt is made in this paper to analyze the performance and effectiveness of the role played by the mission to meet its goals and to change the health scenario of the state. Relying on the available secondary data, the paper shows the improved health indicators and the health system during the period of NRHM. Also, an attempt is made to focus on the existing lacuna of the mission or its performance.