The discovery of exoplanets since 1995 has revolutionized our understanding of planetary systems. This paper reviews major detection techniques such as radial velocity, transit photometry, direct imaging, gravitational microlensing, astrometry, and pulsar timing, focusing on their strengths, limitations, and findings. It also highlights significant missions like Kepler, TESS, Gaia, and future contributions of the JWST. A literature synthesis reveals the critical role of interdisciplinary approaches and advancing technology in the search for habitable exoplanets and extraterrestrial life.