With increasing globalization and industrialization, world trade is experiencing significant growth. The maritime industry is the backbone of global trade, but it is a significant contributor to GHG emissions. This research paper delves into the negative impacts of the maritime industry on our environment, focusing on Heavy Fuel Oils (HFO’s), which emit large quantities of CO2 ,exploring the alternatives to these fuels such as Ammonia, Hydrogen, LNG’s etc. The study includes a case study of a company dominating market share in the maritime industry (Maersk) and another company which is a startup that has adopted environmentally friendly practices to achieve sustainability. Moreover, key obstacles such as fuel maturity, costs, and technological limitations are examined and policies implemented by the international organizations and steps taken by the Indian government are also considered. With increasing globalization and industrialization, world trade is experiencing significant growth. The maritime industry is the backbone of global trade, but it is a significant contributor to GHG emissions. This research paper delves into the negative impacts of the maritime industry on our environment, focusing on Heavy Fuel Oils (HFO’s), which emit large quantities of CO2 ,exploring the alternatives to these fuels such as Ammonia, Hydrogen, LNG’s etc. The study includes a case study of a company dominating market share in the maritime industry (Maersk) and another company which is a startup that has adopted environmentally friendly practices to achieve sustainability. Moreover, key obstacles such as fuel maturity, costs, and technological limitations are examined and policies implemented by the international organizations and steps taken by the Indian government are also considered.