Effective medical waste management is essential to mitigate environmental and public health risks. This study examines the evolution of medical waste management practices in India, highlighting historical trends, regulatory frameworks, technological advancements, and ongoing challenges. The research identifies a significant shift from rudimentary disposal methods to regulated practices, particularly following the Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules of 1998 and their 2016 amendments through literature review, policy analysis, and interviews with healthcare professionals. Despite these regulations, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, insufficient training, and inconsistent compliance persist. Technological advancements like autoclaving and waste-to-energy processes offer promising improvements. The study underscores the necessity for stricter enforcement, enhanced training, and the integration of advanced technologies to overcome these challenges and advance sustainable healthcare practices.