Risk Analysis in Construction Scheduling

Large and complex construction projects always face an uncertainty that leads to risks of delaying the project. Construction projects are of different sizes and of different nature and risk associated with them also vary. Schedules are very essential to the successful execution of projects. Without a schedule, it is difficult to coordinate the various activities found in a construction project. Most schedules are developed in a deterministic manner using Critical Path Method. Unfortunately, construction schedules are affected by various uncertainties. As a result, schedule delays are common in various construction projects. Therefore, it is important to find out probabilities of schedule delays. To evaluate the probability of construction time-overruns and Forecasting of appx. Accurate project completion date is a challenge to construction schedulers. Management of risks and uncertainties in construction projects is possible if risks have been identified and the potential impacts have been analyzed. The Critical Path Method (CPM), which is used to schedule construction activities, is deterministic with regard to the duration assigned to the execution of the activities and the results produced in certain values. Unfortunately, construction activities are performed under uncertain conditions. Project risks cause variations in activity duration, and in turn the entire network is affected by uncertainty. To evaluate construction networks by considering risk factors, nondeterministic scheduling methods such as the program evaluation and review technique (PERT), the probabilistic network evaluation technique (PNET), Critical Chain Scheduling (CCS), and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) have been developed. In the present work, an attempt is made to study the effect of uncertainties in the project on the total duration of the project in an Indian context. For this, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique is used. Effect of different distributions for different activities and the number of simulations on the total project duration are determined and compared with the CPM and PERT. Finally, sensitivity analysis is carried out to show the influence of each uncertain activity on the total project duration.

Published by: Musale Kunal Rajendra, Aher M. C.

Review of VANET Routing in Opportunistic Environment

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is based on principles of Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANET). It is a spontaneous process of data exchange from one node to another node. Vehicular networks comes with new promising field in wireless technology which is used to deploy a vehicle to vehicle communication (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication between nodes. In VANET routing main drawback is packet dropping, but it will be reduced by intelligent routing which can be optimized by met heuristics. In this thesis we proposed VANET based routing which depend on shortest path and social information, optimize by met heuristics.

Published by: Dhanveer Kaur, Harwant Singh Arri

Review of VANET Security on Trust Base

In Trust based Networks, nodes are typically being controlled by realistic entities such as people. Trust based Network is aiming at enabling communication through highly heterogeneous networks by relying on dynamic nature of message transmission whenever there is arise in communication opportunities, such communication thus does not rely on a routing infrastructure and is peer-to-peer in nature. The delay-tolerant paradigm is akin to trust based networks, thus a suitable approach to address the lack of connectivity and the mobility. In this thesis we simulate attack and are monitoring the nodes by Particle swarm optimization, thus preventing the attack and which will lead to through put increase and overhead reduce.

Published by: Diljot Kaur, Simarjit Singh Malhi

Characteristic Study and Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of Al2024 Gray Cast Iron Powder Reinforced MMC by Heat Treatment

It is proposed to study the mechanical properties of Al2024-gray cast iron composite with age hardening process and compared with as cast specimen. All heat treatment processes are carried out in atmospheric conditions. Al2024 is a reasonable choice as a matrix material to prepare MMCs owing to high strength (especially at elevated temperatures), toughness, and, in specific cases weld ability. Among different types of the recently formed composite materials, particle reinforced MMC and in particular aluminum as matrix material has found to have industrial applications. Gray cast iron powder reinforced aluminum 2024 composites possess a unique combination of high specific strength, high elastic modulus than the corresponding unreinforced matrix alloy system. By double stir casting method, Al2024 will be reinforced with gray cast iron powder. Heat treatment is given so as to tailor and improve the required mechanical properties as per the requirement. Gray cast iron is selected since it is believed to improve the hardness as well as the mach inability due to the presence of both iron carbide and free graphite in gray cast iron powder. Here three different proportion of gray cast iron composite are prepared by stir casting process. Age Hardening treatment is given to the samples with different percentage of gray C.I, and different properties such as microstructure, hardness and corrosion are compared with as cast Al2024- gray cast iron composite of respective composition. The possible outcomes maybe increase in mechanical properties by addition of gray cast iron.

Published by: Manikanta M, S. S. Sharma, Sathish Rao U

Design of Steam Piping System for Dryers in Paper Machine and Checking its Sustainability through Finite Element Analysis using Caesar II

Process piping is a form of pipe work used to transport materials used in industrial processes and manufacturing. It is specially designed for particular applications to ensure that it will meet health and safety standards, in addition to suiting the needs of a given manufacturing process. The designer of the piping also has to consider issues like the amount of pressure the piping will be subjected to and the width of the piping, when selecting an appropriate construction material for longer life of system. In this project study, by using data like P & ID, 2-D and 3-D piping system is designed by following codes and standards. Finite element analysis is performed with the application of various loading cases to check sustainability of piping system in design service condition. The results of the study show that the primary and secondary stresses are within code allowable limits. Hence system is safe for stresses. Also nodal movements are shown in displacement summary report.

Published by: Mohammad Taseem Rafique Kadagaonkar, Milind S Yadav

A Comparative Study of Gender and Youth between Rural and Urban

Objective: The purpose of the study is comparison of Rural and Urban Gender discrimination among the youths. Subjects and Method: For the purpose of study the subjects were one hundred, twenty (120), sixty (30+30=60) rural boys and girls from Belagatta, Madakaripura Sasalahatty villages of Chitradurga Taluk, sixty (30+30=60) urban boys and girls from Chitradurga town of Karnataka State. Between the age of 18 to 28 years were selected. The researcher had been selected the following groups at the village level literate, illiterate, hereditary job holders, traditionalists, caste, family, At the urban educated, migrants, unorganized workers, unemployed youths. The data was analyzed by applying independent t-test. The level of significance was set at 0.05.

Result: The results of this study show that the majority of the components are significantly higher in rural joint family group. The results of the study also indicate that the significant difference in exclusive on rural caste restricted to youths and migrants in urban. The urban youths are better than the rural youths.

Conclusion: In significant difference found in endurance and flexibility between rural and urban gender discrimination among the youths. And there were significant difference found in inequality treatment to boys and girls in rural society, But in urban some better treatment to both.

Published by: S. Ananda