A survey on asynchronous distributed Federated Learning framework
Through the hasty growth of data generated by intelligent IoT devices, Federated learning (FL) seems to be a promising technique that provides distributed Machine Learning (ML) amenities at the same time protecting data privacy. FL is the novel form of Artificial intelligence (AI) that builds on decentralized data setup and carries out training that brings learning to devices. It’s mostly used in instances that involve security and privacy as the main concerns and empowers implementers to build secure learning environments. The federated averaging (FedAvg) is one the most used optimization algorithms that train models with a synchronized protocol. However, the algorithm is not realistic enough and communication efficiency issues tend to arise. The amount and distribution of collected data have a different training process because of varying sample sizes of devices. This paper carries out an in-depth review of FL and its asynchronous learning previous research. Lastly, the authors propose a privacy-preserving asynchronous FL framework for distributed healthcare care data that improve the model accuracy to health information. Although the framework is still being implemented it aims at guaranteeing improved communication amongst healthcare industry participants such as hospitals, clinics, laboratories, pharmaceuticals, and many more facilities.
Published by: Ashley Olebogeng Makgetho, Huang Qiming, Ousman Manjang
Author: Ashley Olebogeng Makgetho
Paper ID: V8I1-1463
Paper Status: published
Published: February 28, 2022
The sustainability of US debt
US debt is a matter discussed worldwide, owing to the widespread use of the US dollar and the global economic power that the US holds. A large proportion of trade relies on the dollar, and many currencies are even pegged against the dollar. This has meant that global demand for the dollar has been constant. Furthermore due to a range of factors interest rates have remained extremely low, therefore the government has been able to borrow large amounts of debt and satisfy creditors. However, owing to the pandemic, unprecedented spending, tax cuts, and an unproductive spending plan the US government's fiscal position is slowly deteriorating. With uncertainty growing, the inevitability of tapering setting in, and rising inflation looming, the US economy must reconsider its spending patterns or cut back on current spending, both of which could lead to long-term social consequences. This paper discusses the current position of the government and its sustainability through various perspectives such as the ability to satisfy this debt in the future, growth hindered by debt through a neoclassical growth mode, unfunded obligations, and the effect of angst and defaults. On the contrary, it also explores how low-interest rates and the global strength of the dollar have made its position more sustainable than other countries. Finally, there are also proposals to help strengthen the government’s fiscal position, and long-term solutions to ease the situation and help the economy recover. These when implemented would not solve the crisis at once given its gravity but at least stabilize the government for the time being. Finally, after analyzing collaborating this diverse range of analyses, proposals, and information this paper proposes a concrete synopsis of something that could inevitably shake global markets and affect communities and countries at even an individual level.
Published by: Shreevardhan Atit Agarwal
Author: Shreevardhan Atit Agarwal
Paper ID: V8I1-1451
Paper Status: published
Published: February 25, 2022
“Kachre se kanchan tak” A Novel idea of Maha-Metro Rail Corporation (Pune Metro Rail Project) that has reclaimed the dumpsite legacy waste and reused the received soil in backfilling to conserve the virgin soil resource
Land is scarce commodity in urban context. It is estimated that more than 10,000 hectares of urban land is locked in Indian dumpsites. Pune Metro Rail Project has been allocated one of such dumping site (Kothurd) to construct the depot for serving the East-West Corridor. The land area of Kothurd dumping site spreads over 12.2 hectares and predominantly filled with Municipal Solid waste heaped in 10 to 12 meters height, home for pigs, stray dogs and rodents. This area is also surrounded by the residential /commercial complex posing an environmental hazard to nearby residents. This article presents that how Maha-Metro, Pune Metro Rail Project has reclaimed a three decades-old garbage dumpsite with in-house effort and converted into state of art depot and unencumbered all nearby residents from ill effects of dumping site. Reclamation of kothurd dumpsite having huge quantities of decades-old garbage (aged waste or legacy waste) in an environmentally sound manner was a challenge. Maha Metro Pune Metro Rail Project took this challenge and formulated strategy for reclamation of this dumpsite. The emphasis was to conserve the virgin soil resource and to maximum reuse of earth soil to meet the backfilling requirement at various ongoing Metro Construction sites. Environment Management Division (EMD) of Pune Metro Rail Project has conducted some primary studies to understand the waste composition, organic content etc. and visited Mulund dumping site on 30.4.2019 to understand the aged/legacy waste reclamation process prescribed under Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules 2016. Primary studies on compositional analysis reveals that legacy waste consist 14 % biodegradable material, 39% recyclable (RDF- Paper card board, textile rags, plastic, rubber etc.). 8% recyclable (Non-RDF- glass metal etc.) and 39% Inert Construction & Demolition material. However, organic analysis of the waste reveals that waste was fully degraded and converted into soil like compost through natural process. The heavy metal analysis of legacy waste indicates that all the parameters are within the permissible limit (Schedule II, SWM Rules 2016) and could be effectively reused in gardening, landscaping, green belt development and median plantations. Further, the possibility of using the received soil in back filling was also explored and a lab test was carried out to understand the quality of soil. The result reveals that soil is meeting the quality criteria of IS standards can be effectively reused in backfilling at various ongoing Metro construction sites.
Published by: Ratnakar Pandey, Atul Gadgil
Author: Ratnakar Pandey
Paper ID: V8I1-1450
Paper Status: published
Published: February 25, 2022
A study on challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in India
India's economy is one of the world's fastest-growing. The number of start-ups launched has been steadily increasing over the last decade. The vast majority of these have been started by men. The good news is that women have shown a strong interest in entrepreneurship and starting new businesses. The issue is that women's success rates are considerably lower than men's due to a variety of cultural factors like fear, lack of motivation, as well as a lack of commercial resources such as development and training. Women, in general, are for the most part seen as domestic producers with small to do with economy or commerce. The theme of ladies in business has been largely neglected both in society in general and within the social sciences. For occurrence, in spite of the fact that ladies have made gigantic strides in instruction in later years, such as outperforming men within the number of degrees allowed, they are still underrepresented in areas like building and computer science, which are the establishments for so much entrepreneurial action. Additionally, while women have held increasingly parts in organizations, they’ve been less spoken to within the sorts of positions that “involve senior-level key arranging and need setting.” This paper has been made to ascertain the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in the process of setting up and managing the business in a business environment. We have used secondary data to do this research paper.
Published by: Samhitha V., Pranathi A., Aishwarya A. B.
Author: Samhitha V.
Paper ID: V8I1-1452
Paper Status: published
Published: February 25, 2022
Sustainable irrigation planning for JOBAT Command Area using Multi Objective Fuzzy Linear Programming approach
In this study, an irrigation planning model is developed and applied in form of Multi-Objective Fuzzy Linear Programming (MOFLP) approach for crop planning in the command area of the Shahid Chandra Shekhar Azad Sagar (Jobat) in Dhar District of Madhya Pradesh, India. The formation of the MOFLP model is based on different Linear Programming (LP) models and Multi-Objective Fuzzy Linear Programming (MOFLP) models. Here models are used to maximize the Net Benefits (NB) and Crop Production (CP). The cropping patterns giving the best result for the Crop Production and Net-Benefit are different. The Area Under Irrigation is 0 for gram when just Crop Production is optimized. Similarly, when only the Net Benefit is optimized, the Area under irrigation is 0 for sugarcane because of the low value of the benefit coefficient. So, we find Optimal Cropping Pattern for the Crop Production and Net-Benefit by LP and MOFLP at different live reservoir storage
Published by: Chandra Mohan Shakya, Vivek Kumar, Durga Sawant, Sharad Dadhich
Author: Chandra Mohan Shakya
Paper ID: V8I1-1445
Paper Status: published
Published: February 22, 2022
Impact of training and development on employee’s performance
Training and development can be seen as a means to a goal. It aids a business in achieving its ultimate goal, which is to raise the happiness quotient of its people, resulting in an excellent performance, quality production, and a healthy organization. Healthy businesses have higher staff retention which improves the company’s image and helps it acquire goodwill in the market. It functions as bridging the gap between competence and performance. Employee satisfaction depends on training and development. Human resource management is the most difficult challenge a business has and training and development appear to be the best alternative for dealing with and resolving this issue. The goal of this study is to investigate various training techniques, determine employee attitudes towards training. The study revealed that the employees strongly agree that training is a must for enhancing productivity and performance. The study suggests that organizations should be made training programs available and made it compulsory to lower the expense of recruiting new employees.
Published by: Dhruti Bhatt, Dhwani Patel, Dr. Bijal Shah
Author: Dhruti Bhatt
Paper ID: V8I1-1443
Paper Status: published
Published: February 22, 2022
