Grid-Connected PV system using Single and Three Phase Neutral Point Clamped ML
In grid-connected photovoltaic systems, a key consideration in the design and operation of inverters is how to achieve high efficiency with power output for Various modes of operation. The classical inverters are three level having reduced complexity and robust design, but efficiency is low and harmonics are high. Hence increased power losses. These power quality issues can be over-come by designing a multi-level inverter (MLI). MLIs have a higher number of output voltage levels as compared to the two/three levels in traditional inverters. The advantage of MLIs is its staircase-like output waveform, which resembles more closely to sinusoidal waveform than the traditional inverters; hence THD is very low. In the proposed work a neutral point clamped MLI is designed for grid integration of PV system. The performance analysis have been carried out for both single as well as three phase system to obtain low THD and high efficiency.
Published by: Lalit Mishra, Sachindra Kumar Verma
Author: Lalit Mishra
Paper ID: V6I4-1387
Paper Status: published
Published: August 18, 2020
Scenario behind the water color changed from green to pink/red of Lonar Crater Lake, Maharashtra, India
Earlier Lonar Crater Lake water was green colored due to presence of green pigmented algae, and suddenly, it changed to pink/red by growing of pink/red pigmented organisms on the surface of the water. There are two reasons for the water of the crater to look pink/red colored i) halophilic bacteria (salts loving) and halophilic archaea suggested by Dr. Kanekar (scientist) and Dr. Khadse (scientist) (NEERI), ii) Fungus which survives on decaying organic matter this study. The news appeared in the newspaper Lokmat dated 11-6-2020, stating that the water of Lonar Crater Lake turned pink/red. As per Dr. Kanekar (scientist), the organisms that grows on highly saline nature of water body is responsible for the pink/red color, which grows on high salt content water body or field land, which are called as per Dr. Kanekar, the salt loving microorganisms names of those microorganisms are halophilic bacteria and halophilic archaea, which are similar to dunaliella salina (found in saline lakes), due to high evaporation, the water of the lake decreased and the concentration of the salts (NaCl) increased, These microorganisms survive where saline lakes exist. These organisms are photosynthetic organisms and have ability to produce large amount of carotenoid pigment which imparted pink coloration to the Lake water. As per Dr. Khadse (scientist), due to high evaporation, water level decreased and concentration of salts (NaCl) increased, due to which certain microorganisms such as halophilic bacteria and halophilic archaea (salt loving) similar to dunaleilla salina, found in saline lakes, capable to produce red pigmented carotenoid increased and the water looked pink/red color, they are similar to green algae, which are photosynthetic organisms. Our postulation or our assumption is that or it is of the opinion that the crater lake, being highly eutrophic, fungus growth may be possible on dead debris and decaying organic matter and pink color of growing fungus may have spread over the surface, which may have imparted pink/red color to the water body. Fungus is capable to produce pink red coloration. Since the first observation of the appearance of red pigmented algal bloom were observed on 9th November, 2019, by the authors of this paper as brownish pink coloration amidst the green algae on a large scale, and when the news about pink coloration of the lake first appeared in Lokmat dated 11-6-2020, it was felt necessary to study this phenomena in detail about the cause and the reasons for the pink coloration of the lake. This paper concentrates on fungus, which grows on dead debris of aquatic life. On the basis of earlier studies by different researchers, and the present situation of Lake, to search the answers to the questions, why the lake water looked pink/red colored, what are the causes and the reasons behind this phenonmena? A detailed study was conducted and is reported and discussed in detail of the whole phenomena in this paper. Being of preliminary investigations, a small attempt has been made to search the answers to the above questions.
Published by: Raju D. Jadhav, Harishchandra B. Mali
Author: Raju D. Jadhav
Paper ID: V6I4-1338
Paper Status: published
Published: August 14, 2020
Experiment on different indoor vertical gardening by hydroponic method for sustainable infrastructure
This paper discusses about conducting experiment on different indoor vertical gardening for the room dimension of 10’ x 10‘as specimen area aimed to improve indoor environment. Here four types of plants namely Tulsi, Aloe Vera, Money Plant, and spider plants are used for vertical gardening. Four residential single room located in different places in Bangalore is considered for this experiment. Each day these plants were increased from 0, 5, 10, 15 plants and checked for environmental parameters. The indoor environmental monitoring parameters are Air Quality index, Temperature, Noise, Humidity Check, Air Pressure. These parameters are checked in real time for the four days. The plants were grown by using Hydroponic method and the plants rooted by 80% soil and 20percent coco peat. The result shows that maximum of 37% of Indoor Air Quality index is improved by using Aloe Vera plants, Indoor temperature is reduced up to 2º C between indoor and outdoor, and 12% of increase in humidity by Tulsi plant. This project recommends that vertical gardening helps stabilizing the indoor environment and promotes sustainable infrastructure.
Published by: Dr. Aravinthan K., Haseeb Baig, Aanchal P., Gnaneshwari S., Khalid Pasha R.
Author: Dr. Aravinthan K.
Paper ID: V6I4-1381
Paper Status: published
Published: August 14, 2020
Solar tracker
The renewable energy source is a non-depleting energy source, which is abundantly present in our climate. At present, the existing research areas are focused on renewable energy sources. This source of energy is clean and pollution-free. The only significant problem associated with this is its performance and profitability. We come across several solar panels every day. Those panels are fixed. We took this further on with tracking devices to solar panels. These solar tracking devices come in fixed structures with a single axis and dual axis. The Dual-axis tracking mechanism is quite effective as it is capable of capturing more irradiance than the other. These are capable of shifting the system in various co-ordinates of latitudes and longitudes according to the position of the sun. Fixed axis devices are capable of capturing the maximum intensity of the sun for one particular moment throughout the day when the sun is at zenith. These trackers are powered by small solar cells that provide motion to the panel according to the location of the sun. Also, it is not recommended to use solar trackers with small PV arrays because of the energy consumption of the driving systems, which vary from 2% to 3% of the energy increase delivered by the solar trackers. This paper intended to review different solar tracking system that increases the solar power output. A solar tracking system, using a photovoltaic device to monitor the changing solar position, is disclosed. The photovoltaic device is automatically overridden when the sun ceases to be the brightest point in the sky, for instance during times of partial cloud cover, and the machine attempts to attain the brightest spot in preference to the sun. The override system is clock-driven and moves the tracking system to approximate the solar position so that when the sun re-energizes as the brightest object in the sky, the photo-voltaic device can immediately reacquire the sun.
Published by: Mithilesh Rai
Author: Mithilesh Rai
Paper ID: V6I4-1380
Paper Status: published
Published: August 14, 2020
UNO-Phobia vs. Islam-Phobia
Equal & Opposite is the Apriori Framework of this Manifested Nature.
Published by: Jamir Ahmed Choudhury
Author: Jamir Ahmed Choudhury
Paper ID: V6I4-1355
Paper Status: published
Published: August 14, 2020
Smart grid demand side management using hybrid combination of bat and firefly algorithm
A smart grid is the advanced power grid, and electricity demand is managed and controlled by it. The electricity demand is increased during the peak hours of the day. Thus, to fulfill the electricity demand either generate the extra electricity in the peak hours that increase the cost or reduce the load in the peak hours. The load during peak hours is reduced by adopting a demand-side management technique. These techniques reduce the generation cost, and the performance of the smart grid is improved. This paper provides proposed a new/latest approach known as a hybrid of BAT, and Firefly optimization is used to control the switching time of devices so that the overall load can be minimized. The experimental results are performed for different devices (3 and 5). The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the cost as compared to the original cost. In the last, we have compared the performance of the proposed algorithm over the existing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and found that 47.02% and 36.48% cost reduction for 3 and 5 devices, respectively.
Published by: Kirtanpal Singh, Puneet Jain
Author: Kirtanpal Singh
Paper ID: V6I4-1377
Paper Status: published
Published: August 13, 2020
