Flood modelling of Patu river in Tulsipur city of Nepal and analysis of flooding impact on encroached settlement along the river
Patu River flowing through the western part of Tulsipur city in Nepal has been encroached severely by human settlements during the last fifteen years. The settlements and infrastructures are at high risk when the river gets heavily flooded. With the help of images obtained from Google Earth, Landsat images, and application of ARC GIS, the land cover changes during the years 2004, 2010, 2015, and 2019 were observed. Since Patu is an ungauged river, the peak flood was estimated at 109.9 m3/s, 132.9 m3/s and 158.1 m3/s for 25, 50 and 100 years return period by Catchment Area Ratio method referring historical flood data of gauged Sharada River. Through the application of HEC-RAS modeling, the flood mapping was obtained for 25, 50, and 100 years return period. The inundation of settlement area back in 2004 was observed as just 0.009 km2 which was found to have been increased to 0.043 km2, 0.070 km2, and 0.096 km2 in the years 2010, 2015, and 2019 respectively following the linear trend with an R2 value of 0.99. The risk of flood in the settlement has been accelerating with increasing urbanization around the river. It can be concluded that the inundation of settlement could be increased to 0.16 km2 in 2024 if a similar trend follows for the next five years. Before the situation worsens, it is necessary to provide enough embankments on both sides of the river and control the haphazard urbanization around the river. In conclusion, river training and proper planning of the city has been found to be critical for controlling inundation which could increase more in the coming years.
Published by: B. B. Sadadev, K. Basnet, Bikash Sherchan
Author: B. B. Sadadev
Paper ID: V6I4-1298
Paper Status: published
Published: August 5, 2020
VLSI implementation of SPI and I2C communication protocols
For the frequent communication between the integrated circuits in an electronic system, which is designed to work in a group rather than a standalone unit, it becomes necessary to adapt serial communication, which is an effective and simple protocol, that provides efficient communication among these various components as compared to parallel communication in terms of the pin count and the ease of implementation. The two most widely accepted, tried and true serial global standards are Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) and Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C), which are used for inter-chip and intra-chip serial communication for low or medium bandwidth. The Paper’s focus is on the simulation of SPI and I2C protocols.
Published by: Muhammad Bakir, Niju Rajan
Author: Muhammad Bakir
Paper ID: V6I4-1312
Paper Status: published
Published: August 4, 2020
Mobile charger using piezoelectric material
In today’s world it can be observed that a large amount of inactivity and laziness is taking over mankind. It can be observed among human beings that they easily get tired by doing small works or some activity. Nowadays it can also be observed that people get highly impatient if they have to work for long time or has to wait for a task to be done. In today’s world as new technologies are overtaking and being brought up in order to ease the work for human beings, the mankind is getting used to or addicted to the technology for making their work easily done and in very small amount of time. There is no doubt that technology play a vital role in in modern world and more or less has become our basic necessity and is very much required to make our tasks to be completed easily and save a lot of time for us. As it is well said a coin has two sides, so with ample amount of advantages there are also various disadvantages so it’s up to us and the designer of new technologies to make it productive for their users. Our project is basically one such example of using technology for wellbeing of individual and for the Society. The basic idea of the project is to generate power by converting kinetic energy into electric energy. So, we will prepare a piezo electric device which will convert kinetic energy into electric energy and this further will lead to charging of device like mobile which is one of the basic
Published by: Syed Ali Ahmad, Apoorv Kumar Dwivedi, Vinit Singh, Saksham Mishra
Author: Syed Ali Ahmad
Paper ID: V6I4-1276
Paper Status: published
Published: August 4, 2020
Chatuska – An idiosyncratic approach of Charaka Samhita
Background: Ayurveda is a science of life. It reflects a wonderful amalgamation of the combination of science and philosophy. This holistic knowledge of living is divine which was passed on to the disciples and then to the common man by various oral narrations and writings. Different Samhitas are available as authenticated ayurvedic texts. Charaka Samhita is the most important ancient authoritative writing. Sutrasthana of Charaka samhita comprises the essence of all sthanas. Aims and objectives: To highlight the methodology and specality of Chatuskas of sutrasthana of Charaka Samhita and thus explain the arrangement of Chatuskas. Material and methods: Charaka Samhita and its available commentary were thoroughly studied with special reference to sutrasthana. Conclusion: Chatuska methodology is distinctiveness of the Charaka Saṃhita and was adopted so as to conglomerate the similar descriptions under one heading. It is not only unique presenting way but stands as evidences of the practical approach of Charaka Samhita.
Published by: Dr. Samichha Neupane, Dr. Bikash Raj Ghimire
Author: Dr. Samichha Neupane
Paper ID: V6I4-1267
Paper Status: published
Published: August 4, 2020
E – Zyklus
The E - Zyklus is experimentation for converting the manually human-powered vehicle, in this case, a bicycle, into an electrically powered vehicle and optimizing its performance. The concept of E - Zyklus consist a Schnell Bicycle, in which the pedal and chain drive are eliminated. A 24 V Brushless DC motor is used with a simple chain-drive in case of the manual chain drive. The battery pack used is 4 pieces of the lead-acid gel battery. Also, a speed controller is introduced which is of 24 V for the speed control of the BLDC motor, with a Throttle. The objective of the experiment is to optimize the power required for the vehicle to operate, to achieve a top speed of 30 kmph, and also get enough torque for all operations performed by the vehicle like drive on a straight road and climbing up the slope and also achieve good traction on uneven surfaces. The other objective is to see whether a hybrid vehicle is feasible or not.
Published by: Suyant Dharwarkar, Abdulhasnain Akodiyawala
Author: Suyant Dharwarkar
Paper ID: V6I4-1322
Paper Status: published
Published: August 4, 2020
Structural and dielectric properties of ‘Ni’ doped (Bi(2-x)NixTi3O12) polymer thin film
A single phase crystal ceramic which was Aurivillus types belongs to B.L.S.F structure with general formula Bi(2-x)NixTi3O12. The ‘Ni’ doped Bismuth titranate (BT) ceramic was prepared by using solid state reaction technique. but the ceramics based polymer thin film was carried out by sol-gel process for characterization. Now a days Some research state’s that lead-free ferroelectric materials were widely used for many application like high sensitive sensors and memory devices due to their good di-electric property. The B.L.S.F types ferroelectric materials operates in low voltage. Recently various types of materials like BBT, BST, BNT have been take attention for their electrical conductivity properties. And these types of materials were lead-free and eco-friendly. So we make the crystallographic consideration of the Ni doped BT ceramics . it was study to know about structure of atoms , ions or molecules present in an materials. on a 3-D lattice it was arranged in an particular manner . In a aurivillius based compound the BLSF structure are found. This is a type of ferroelectric structure where the materials are well packed by a bismuth oxide layer that is (Bi2O2). It have not holds good for piezo electric and pyro electric compound .it holds good only for ferroelectric materials. The O-R group heve the perpendicular to the axis of materials. In Bismuth titranate ceramics there are only two main element was used. Bismuth oxide and titanium oxide. But it have some limitations .it does not showing any electrical and optical property. We know Ni was a transition element which was electrical conductor and temperature dependent. Show nickel oxide was used as doping element to enhance the dielectric property of the BT ceramics. Polymer shows relaxor behavior which required for censing device. Polymer synthesis was now a very good synthesis process which show very good result. polymer thin film was used for characterization .the x-rd was study by x-ray diffract meter. Morphology was studied by electron emitting process by using scanning electron microscope. by using LCR meter we find ph, conductivity,loss ,constant etc.
Published by: Jyotiprakash Panda
Author: Jyotiprakash Panda
Paper ID: V6I4-1282
Paper Status: published
Published: August 1, 2020
