Constraints facing the beneficiaries in participating Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
Twelve years since its inception, this law has shown extraordinary promise. It has brought the right to work to the front stage of the discussion on social protection. MGNREGA represents, a significant innovation in relation to the short-term and emergency based public work tradition. Among its innovation key ones include {a} self-targeting- this means that the programme does not target people living below the poverty line. It is the nature of the work provided manual and unskilled – that determine the demand for work. {b} any household can demand up to 100 days of work that should be provided within 15 days under the penalty of the state having to pay unemployment benefits. {c} the inclusion of social audits and social accountability mechanism to increase accountability and enhance social participation. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) – offering up to 100 days work each year to rural Indians – is the largest social protection programme in the world, in terms of the number of households covered. There is a lively debate around whether MGNREGA provides a vital social safety net for the poor or merely burdens the economy. Since 2006, it has expanded to cover all districts in India, providing work to 50 million rural households in 2012/13 at a cost of US$8.9 billion. But no one has satisfactorily explained why, despite similar implementation mechanisms, there is such unevenness in outcomes. Major constraints faced by beneficiaries in MGNREGA were: employment of hundred days (per household per year) is too less in the present situation. The major suggestion was given by beneficiaries that temporary suspension of MGNREGA works during peak Agricultural season (93.33%).
Published by: Raut Mangesh Arunrao, Chinchmalatpure U. R., Thote Vitthal
Author: Raut Mangesh Arunrao
Paper ID: V4I6-1432
Paper Status: published
Published: January 2, 2019
Correlation of attitude of beneficiaries towards Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
Mahatma Gandhi’s statement holds even today as around 60 percent of the country’s populations are still living in rural areas. Gandhiji laid strong emphasis on a self-sufficient village, decentralization of economic and political powers and development of cottage industries in villages. He believed in the human capital model of development which shifts the emphasis from physical capital formation to human capital formation and from industrial development to rural development, as a basis for overall development. But a major problem of the Indian development process is its inability to generate adequate employment opportunities for the growing rural labor forces. To overcome the problems of unemployment and poverty, the wage employment schemes have been important elements and necessary in public policy of the nation’s development. They provide income transfers to poor households during periods when they suffer on account of the absence of opportunities for employment. Though in India presently prevailing poverty alleviation schemes both self and wage employment have been given considerable relief to poor families. But, most of these families even today remain vulnerable. Sustained poverty reduction in India continues to be a major target. Thus, in order to check the above-mentioned problems and with a view to improve employed days, overall economic and social life of the poorest of the poor living in rural areas, a new development strategy was enacted by the Government of India which is known as the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005. It was renamed as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on 2nd Oct 2009. it is observed that out of twelve independent variables, ten variables viz, Education, Caste, Land Holding, Social Participation, Annual Income, Occupation, Source of Information were positively and significantly correlated with attitude towards MGNREGA at 0.05 percent level of probability, other variables like Family Size, extension contact, and Economic Motivation were positively and significantly correlated with attitude towards MGNREGA at 0.01 percent level of probability. caste, social participation, land holding, annual income, occupation, and economic motivation were significantly related with an attitude of beneficiaries towards MGNREGA.
Published by: Raut Mangesh Arunrao, Chinchmalatpure U. R., Thote Vitthal
Author: Raut Mangesh Arunrao
Paper ID: V4I6-1431
Paper Status: published
Published: January 2, 2019
The effect of organic mulch and sewage mulch on the moisture content, growth and yield of spinach
An experiment was conducted in the field (practical crop production) at SGRR (P.G) COLLEGE to determine the effect of organic Mulch on the growth and yield of spinach. The experiment was conducted between the months of October and November, 2018. The experiment was a completely line sowing pattern (cropping pattern) with treated sewage mulch (TSM) and organic compost mulch (OCM) as treatments. The no mulch (NM L) was used as a control. Spinach seedlings were planted at a spacing of 15 cm within rows and 30 cm between rows. Weeding and pest control measures were done uniformly across the treatments, when and as required. The data collected included the percentage moisture retained by the different treatments on the soil, growth parameter’s (leaf width, leaf length, leaf number, leaf area, and plant height) and yield at harvest. The results displayed a significant difference (P<0.05) between the treatments in terms of\' the moisture retention. properties. Organic compost mulch recorded the highest mean percentage moisture retention (22.9%), followed by treated sewage mulch (20.9%) and no mulch recorded the lowest percentage moisture retention in the soil (14.4%). All the growth parameters were higher or spinach growth under TSM, followed by that grown under OCM. They were lowest under spinach grown under no mulch. The showed that mulching improved the performance of the spinach plants in terms of plant growth, moisture retention and yield.
Published by: Devashish Singh Rawat
Author: Devashish Singh Rawat
Paper ID: V4I6-1436
Paper Status: published
Published: January 1, 2019
ATM security using fingerprint and GSM module
A wide variety of system needs reliable personal recognition system to either authorize or determine the identity of an individual demanding their services. The goal of such systems is to warrant that the rendered services are accessed only by a genuine user and no one else. In this paper, we proposed a multifactor (OTP and fingerprint) based authentication security arrangements and to enhance the security and safety of ATM and its users. Automated Teller Machine (ATM)’s nowadays are extensively used all over the world for the withdrawal of cash. But there is a number of disadvantages to these machines. Frauds attacking the automated teller machine has increased over the decade which has motivated us to use the biometrics for personal identification to procure high level of security and accuracy. This project describes a system that replaces the ATM cards and PINs by the physiological biometric fingerprint scanner. Moreover, the feature of One Time Password (OTP) imparts privacy to the users and emancipates him/her from recalling PINs.
Published by: Janhavi Rane, Hiten Mandaliya, Kruti Harkhani, Pooja Parmar
Author: Janhavi Rane
Paper ID: V4I6-1427
Paper Status: published
Published: January 1, 2019
Risk factors of hypertension
There is a high association between the demographic variables and risk factors. As a measure to find out the risk factors for hypertension this study was done among the people living in and around Ayanambakam.
Published by: V. Senbahavalli, Dr. Chidambaranathan
Author: V. Senbahavalli
Paper ID: V4I6-1444
Paper Status: published
Published: January 1, 2019
Prevalence of hypertension at selected area
Majority of the participants belongs to the age group 20-40 years (60%), gender male (56%), have height in the range 161-171cm (35%), weight 51-60 Kg (30%), BMI as normal (44.25%), BP as normal (89.8%), RBS as normal (84.1%). 2. There is a significant association between all the demographic variables and all the clinical variables.
Published by: V. Senbahavalli, Dr. Chidambaranathan
Author: V. Senbahavalli
Paper ID: V4I6-1443
Paper Status: published
Published: January 1, 2019
