Low power design of 4-bits counter at circuit and system level of abstraction
This paper presents a design of Low power 4 bits Counter at circuit and system level of abstraction using Cadence Virtuoso and Xilinx ISE 14.7 respectively. The laboratory work described includes the CMOS based transistor level design and VHDL based synthesis and implementation of the counter using back end and front end tools respectively. The functionality of the design has been simulated and tested using 0.18µm gdpk CMOS technology with 1.8V supply voltage using cadence virtuoso for back-end designing whereas, Xilinx ISE 14.7 is used for front-end simulation, synthesized using plan¬-ahead and is implemented on ArtixTM-7(family), with device xC7A100TTM. Power calculation has been done at 100 MHz clock frequency for the 1.8V supply voltage.
Published by: Nidhi Khanna, Renu Mehta, Dr. R. S. Gamad
Author: Nidhi Khanna
Paper ID: V4I5-1254
Paper Status: published
Published: September 26, 2018
Seismic risk assessment of an industrial steel building
The industrial building plays an important role in the operation and production. Industrial Buildings are designed for wind loads in the transverse direction as steel lattice towers are less sensitive to earthquake loads. In Recent times the collapse of transmission lines towers, under wind loading, has been increasing. Although the damages are controllable the threat under wind hazard is big concerns for designers. Similarly, the seismic analysis of Industrial Building is equally important as the response due to an earthquake may be severe than due to wind load. Recent cases of damage to Industrial Building during earthquake are during the 1994 Northridge earthquake two Industrial Building collapsed due to large ground motion, during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake led to blackouts in the central and northern regions of Taiwan The main aim of the study provides which method is most economical method and, high bending strength, more load carrying capacity and high flexural strength by analysis of both working stress and limit state method. An investigation of the seismic response of an existing industrial steel building is presented in the following. Starting from as-built data collection, the study has been addressed to develop the complete process of seismic risk assessment, through the use of current performance-based analysis methods. This paper is focused on the main modelling aspects and results from analysis of seismic performance upon integration with site-specific hazard, the structural risk assessment, that is, a probability of failures. These buildings require large and clear areas unobstructed by the columns. The large floor area provides sufficient flexibility and facility for later change in the production layout without major building alterations. The industrial buildings are constructed with adequate headroom for the use of an overhead traveling crane. There are various international codes available for the design of steel structures. Developments are still going on, to achieve the great economy by using different methods as well as by using different codes of practice. By using this study, we can make a relation between the different parameter of codes, to achieve the above goals of a structural engineer.
Published by: Habibur Rahaman, Faiyaz Azam, Mirza Aamir Baig
Author: Habibur Rahaman
Paper ID: V4I5-1266
Paper Status: published
Published: September 26, 2018
Fourier series expansions of sum and products of Bernoulli functions
We can derive from a polynomial identity, in turn, follows from the Fourier series expansion of sums of products of Bernoulli functions. We consider three types of functions given by sums of products of higher– order Bernoulli functions and derive their Fourier series expansions. Moreover, we express each of them in terms of Bernoulli functions.
Published by: T. Sasikala, N. Karthikeyan
Author: T. Sasikala
Paper ID: V4I5-1267
Paper Status: published
Published: September 26, 2018
Land distribution pattern, food sufficiency, and poverty in Nepal
This article attempts to show major land use system and land reform policy adopted by the government along with agricultural performance in different periods. The methodology used in this article is based on secondary data available from different rounds of Nepal Living Standard Survey (NLSS) and Economic Survey, Ministry of Finance (MoF) of the government of Nepal. Many available kinds of literature are reviewed especially on land reform policies and agriculture development plan in different periods. The major findings of the study indicate that there is still vast disparities in the distribution of land where few people hold a large plot of land while a large number of small farmers are either landless or near landless. Most of them have 0.5 hectares of land. The concluding remark indicates that in an agricultural country like Nepal land ownership has a significant value especially for the rural poor where non- farm job opportunities are hardly available. Further, the policies and plan for developing agriculture sector are not working as per the requirement of the land-poor people and it has created social injustice and barrier in the rapid development process of the country. Due to lack of economically active manpower, most of the fertile land in the far remote area of the country is not used intensively. The poverty is linked with food sufficiency based on primary data collected through field survey.
Published by: Bal Krishna Subedi
Author: Bal Krishna Subedi
Paper ID: V4I5-1228
Paper Status: published
Published: September 26, 2018
Treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater using microbial fuel cell
Increasing human activities are consuming the natural energy sources leading to depletion of fossil fuels. The present-day energy scenario in India and around the globe is precarious. The need for alternate fuel has us to initiate extensive research in identifying a potential, cheap and renewable source for energy production. Proper treatment of animal waste and resource recycling to reduce its environmental impact is currently important issues for the livestock industry. Slaughterhouse wastewater contains organic matter available for microbial energy recovery. Hence it is an ideal solution for treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater and energy recovery. A microbial fuel cell is expected to play two roles in both wastewater purification and energy recovery. It is a device that converts chemical energy into electricity through the catalytic activities of microorganisms. It also breaks down the organic matter present in the wastewater by degrading into less harmful forms. The results demonstrated that the organic matter removal efficiency of MFC using copper electrode was 80.2% and the maximum amount of electricity generation is 2.10 Volts and Copper is the suitable electrode for maximum electricity generation and maximum organic matter removal.
Published by: Boopathi A, S. Pauline
Author: Boopathi A
Paper ID: V4I5-1237
Paper Status: published
Published: September 21, 2018
A study on consumer’s attitude towards online shopping in Ramanathapuram district, Tamilnadu
In this study, it shows depth knowledge on the particular topic “A study on customer’s attitude towards online shopping in Ramanathapuram district, Tamilnadu”. The study indicates the level of awareness and attitude towards online shopping. The present study has been confined to study the customer’s attitude in online shopping products. The study can indicate only the consumer’s point of view. The objective of this paper is to make the consumer aware about the beneficial aspect of online shopping. The period of study is three months. The researcher has collected a primary data from comprehensive interview schedule and the secondary data has been collected from books, websites, and journal. Few suggestion and recommended based on the study carried out to fine-tune processes which will benefits the buyers to bridge the gap in online shopping.
Published by: Rama Suganya R., P. Lakshmi
Author: Rama Suganya R.
Paper ID: V4I5-1244
Paper Status: published
Published: September 21, 2018
