Enhancement SNR for OFDM systems by using PSO algorithm
This dissertation deals with the channel estimation techniques for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) PSO systems such as in IEEE 802.11. Although there has been a great amount of research in this area, characterization of typical wireless indoor environments and design of channel estimation schemes that are both robust and practical for such channel conditions have not been thoroughly investigated. It is well known that the minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) estimator provides the best mean-square-error (MSE) performance given a priori knowledge of channel statistics and operating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, the channel statistics are usually unknown and the MMSE estimator has too much computational complexity to be realized in practical systems. In this work, we propose two simple channel estimation techniques: one that is based on modifying the channel correlation matrix from the MMSE estimator and the other one with averaging window based on the LS estimates. We also study the characteristics of several realistic indoor channel models that are of potential use for wireless local area networks (LANs). The first method, namely MMSE-exponential-Rhh, does not depend heavily on the channel statistics and yet offer performance improvement compared to that of the LS estimator. The simulation results also show that the second method, namely averaging window (AW) estimator, provides the best performance at moderate SNR range.
Published by: Pratik Singh, Manish Gupta
Author: Pratik Singh
Paper ID: V4I4-1376
Paper Status: published
Published: July 27, 2018
A critical survey on the involvement of ICT in the teacher’s training institutes of West Bengal
Teachers occupy a prominent place in any society and in any educational system. This is particularly true in the case of India. From ancient time teachers have been enjoying special status and position in the Indian society as well as in the field of education. In almost all societies and cultures teachers have been regarded as a person who possesses certain attributes, competencies, and traits to succeed both in the classroom and in society as a whole. Quality of teachers is the measure of the strength of an educational system and quality of teacher depends on the quality of the teacher education. Therefore a sound programme of teacher education is necessary for the improvement of the education system in the country. With the world moving rapidly into digital media and information, the role of ICT in education is becoming more and more important and this importance will continue to grow and develop in the 21st century. In this respect, teacher education institutes play a vital role in providing quality education to the teacher trainees using ICT. But it is very regrettable to say that in this Modern Era all training colleges of West Bengal are not been able to accept ICT in its full form. This research paper will focus on the critical survey on the involvement of ICT in teachers’ training institutes of West Bengal. This is a Descriptive study where Survey method will be used. To conduct this research the researcher will use the questionnaire as a research tool. The population of this research work is the total teachers training institutes under WBUTTEPA but to have a control over the data and to time factor the researcher delimitated it and had taken only 6 colleges. By using Stratified random sampling the researcher had taken the sample from 6 training institutes of West Bengal and from each college 10 teachers had been taken. A total number of sample 60. To analyze the qualitative data in a quantitative way the researcher will use Statistical Analysis using t-test. Education is a very socially oriented activity and quality education has traditionally been associated with strong teachers having high degrees of personal contact with learners. The use of ICT in education lends itself to more student-centered learning settings and therefore ICT can improve teaching by enhancing an already practiced knowledge and introducing a new way of teaching and learning.
Published by: Sagufta Sahin
Author: Sagufta Sahin
Paper ID: V4I4-1365
Paper Status: published
Published: July 27, 2018
Composite brake friction lining for rotor and drums
The rubbing brake functions as a basic assurance for general work and wellbeing operation of vehicles and mechanical supplies. Erosion and wear practices of brake's grinding materials are considered as a vital subject. In this article, grating materials were arranged by framework classes, and their significant segments were presented first. At that point, the favorable circumstances and impediments of every grinding material were compressed and examined. Besides, the small-scale reaching practices on erosion interface and the arrangement system of different contact movies were talked about. At last, the persuasive standards and practices of erosion materials were outlined. It is inferred that the grating film, a middle of the road item in braking, is significantly useful to shield erosion materials from being genuinely rubbed. The braking conditions have muddled impacts on rubbing and wear practices of brake. By and large, the grinding coefficient has a tendency to be genuinely low while the wear rate increment Quickly under a condition with high temperature, braking weight, or beginning braking speed
Published by: C. V. Sai Charan Yadav, N. Vigneshwar Reddy
Author: C. V. Sai Charan Yadav
Paper ID: V4I4-1332
Paper Status: published
Published: July 26, 2018
Agricultural crop cost prediction using Artificial Neural Network
Forecasts of agricultural production and prices are intended to be useful for farmers, governments, and agribusiness industries. Because of the special position of food production in a nation\'s security, governments have become both principal suppliers and main users of agricultural forecasts. Artificial neural networks have been demonstrated to be powerful tools for modeling and prediction, to increase their effectiveness. Crop prediction methodology is used to predict the suitable crop for a field by considering the parameters: Temperature, Rainfall, Humidity, Soil properties- ( PH, nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, organic carbon, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, manganese, copper, iron )and cyclonic patterns. One of the major concern in Crop Cost Prediction (CCP) is to manage a large database with maximum attributes. In order to avoid these difficulties, a methodology named Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) with Feed Forward Back Propagation (FFBP) scheme is employed for accurate CCP. In this paper, the cost prediction accuracy is enhanced by minimizing the Mean Squared Error (MSE) by means of forecast values. Therefore, this proposed methodology outcome shows a clear idea about crop price and the crop yield estimation.
Published by: Karthik Hosur
Author: Karthik Hosur
Paper ID: V4I4-1352
Paper Status: published
Published: July 26, 2018
Impact of biodiesel and LPG on injector deposit formation
The ever-increasing fossil fuel usage and cost, environmental concern has forced the world to look for alternative biofuel in compression ignition engine. In this research work, a 60 hours endurance test has been carried out on horizontal type single cylinder diesel engine. During endurance test; three fuel samples such as D100 (%diesel fuel as a baseline), B25 (waste cooking oil biodiesel 25% and 75% diesel fuel) and B25+LPG (liqudified petroleum gas and waste cooking oil biodiesel) respectively. At the end endurance test for each fuel samples, carbon deposit was analyzed on the fuel injector while using SEM and EDX techniques. However, an endurance test was carried out at constant rpm and constant load condition. From results, it was found that the injector tip showed higher deposition of carbon in case of B25 fuel followed by B25+LPG and DF respectively.
Published by: Sajjad Bhangwar, A. M Liquat, M. Tarique Bhatti, Azher Shah, Manthar Ali Khoso, Asif Ali Laghari
Author: Sajjad Bhangwar
Paper ID: V4I4-1360
Paper Status: published
Published: July 26, 2018
Role of single bump over the surface of E398 Airfoil to improve the aerodynamic performance
Flow Separation over the surface of the airfoil affect the aerodynamic performance of airfoil, flow separation increases drag and decreases lift. Aerodynamic efficiency of an airfoil can be improved by delaying separation, which increases the lift force and reduces the drag force. Flow separation can be controlled by altering boundary layer behavior such as reducing boundary layer thickness and increases maximum velocity over the surface of an airfoil, these can be done by modifying the geometry of airfoil or other active flow control techniques and passive flow control techniques. In this research, E398 airfoil was selected for analysis. Analysis has been carried out on smooth and modified E398 airfoil, airfoil modified with single bump centered at 0.05C, 0.1C, 0.15C, 0.2C, and 0.3C from leading edge, chord length of an airfoil is 0.128m. The numerical study has been carried out by using Ansys Fluent 14.0 over Smooth and Uni-Bump E398 airfoil, at low Reynolds Number ranging from 18000 to 54000 and Angle of Attack from 00 to 150. Numerical Results show that the aerodynamic efficiency of a modified airfoil with bump centered at 0.1C is higher as compared to smooth airfoil at Reynolds 18000 and 36000. When Reynolds number is 54000, aerodynamic efficiency of a smooth airfoil is higher than the modified airfoil with a single bump at 0.1C. Analysis has been performed by changing the location of bump from 0.5C to 0.3C aerodynamic performance decreases as bump shifted toward the maximum thickness of airfoil because suction pressure decreases on the upper surface of an airfoil. It is observed that as a bump near leading edge of the airfoil, shows the higher aerodynamic performance, the suitable locations of the bump are at 0.5C and 0.1C from leading edge.
Published by: Asif Ali Laghari, Shafiq-ur-Rehman, M. Tarique Bhatti, Allah Rakhio, Manthar Ali Khoso, Sajjad Bhangwar
Author: Asif Ali Laghari
Paper ID: V4I4-1225
Paper Status: published
Published: July 26, 2018
