Design Detail of Microhydro System and Findings based On Off- Grid Project

The purpose of this research paper is to conduct a literature review regarding the technical specifications and design parameters required to design a functioning Micro Hydro Power System MHS (Micro Hydropower System). After review of the theory and principles of Micro Hydro System design; these principles are applied to the real case of Bhoot Khola Micro Hydro Project in Deurali Village Development Committee (VDC) of Tanahun Nepal. The field data required to design the civil components of the micro-hydro project were derived from secondary data sources such as the study conducted by the village development committee as well as other independent project surveys. The micro-hydro designed in this thesis was of "run-of-the-river" type. Similarly, system components designed in this thesis are intake structure, headrace canal to divert the water from the source, forebay tank, sedimentation basin and the penstock assembly.

Published by: Tara Bhattarai

Humanity Code, Destiny Mantra or Spiritual Configuration: A Boon for Humanity

Published by: Lakshmi Narayana

Six Strokes Engine

Six Stroke engine, the name itself indicates a cycle of six strokes out of which two are useful power strokes. According to its mechanical design, the six-stroke engine with external and internal combustion and double flow is similar to the actual internal reciprocating combustion engine. However, it differentiates itself entirely, due to its thermodynamic cycle and a modified cylinder head with two supplementary chambers: combustion and an air heating chamber, both independent from the cylinder. In this, the cylinder and the combustion chamber are separated which gives more freedom for design analysis. In addition to the two valves in the four-stroke engine, two more valves are incorporated which are operated by a piston arrangement. The Six Stroke is thermodynamically more efficient because the change in volume of the power stroke is greater than the intake stroke and the compression stroke. The main advantages of six stroke engine include a reduction in fuel consumption by 40%, two power strokes in the six-stroke cycle, a dramatic reduction in pollution, adaptability to multi-fuel operation. Six-stroke engine’s adoption by the automobile industry would have a tremendous impact on the environment and world economy. There are additional two strokes, namely another power, and exhaust strokes. The engine works by harnessing wasted heat energy created by the fuel combustion. After the combustion stage water is injected into the superheated cylinder. The water explodes into steam and forces the piston down. It, in turn, helps to cool the engine. That resulted in normal levels of power but using much less fuel. It also has the advantage of not requiring an external cooling system. In order to achieve these benefits, major modifications of conventional internal combustion engine must be done. In this paper, the modification of the conventional four-stroke internal combustion engine is illustrated to convert it into six stroke engine.

Published by: Viral M. Vadadoria

Performance Evaluation and Treatment Optimization of ETP and STP- Review

Textile industrial Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) and Sewage Treatment Plants (STP)   are constructed to protect the environment from excessive overloading from different kinds of pollutants. The effluent must meet the appropriate discharge standards as per pollution control board before discharging it to the environment. Improper treatment process conditions at treatment plants result in the release of effluent that may contain toxins and unacceptable high levels of dangerous organic and inorganic materials into various water bodies and the land environment so it is necessary to adopt proper treatment technology for the treatment. The present paper is reviewed for performance evaluation of ETP, STP and Coagulation and Flocculation process. Coagulation and Flocculation is not an Eco-friendly approach so Electrocoagulation (EC) is also reviewed to know the removal efficiencies of pollutant loads.  

Published by: Yashodha M. C, Dr. B. Manoj Kumar, Parinitha T. Niranjan

A Study of Major Issues Related to Brain Drain from India to USA

The Government of India estimated that there are 30 million Indian human resources who are working in the developed countries are highly educated and skilled. This paper mainly focuses on the causes of brain drain in Indian scenario and given the suggestions to control the movement of skilled labor from India to the USA. Youth must contribute to its own economy and contribute to become a developed country from developing.  

Published by: Charu Goel

Comparative Analysis of Indian and American Federalism

This article embarks upon the concept of Federalism and also strives for comparative analysis of Indian & American Federalism, the article examines the federal structure of both the country in light of the traditional conception of federalism and it further examines the structure on touchstone of Ivo D. Duchacek’s ten yardsticks of federalism, Both countries have been examined in light of their constitutional scheme and judicial pronouncements.  

Published by: Raghav Dhoot