India is an agricultural country. The economy of India is dependent on the same. Agriculture in India is still carried out in conventional methods and lags behind in integrating modern technologies. To meet increasing population we need to increase our agricultural production and also we have to adopt automation techniques. Water scarcity in the agriculture sector is one of the savior crises in front of India. This paper gives an idea of existing irrigation techniques used in farming. The traditional water irrigation techniques such as channel system are causes over irrigation. The over-irrigation results in the decrease in quality of soil which affects the growth of the plant. The paper focuses on the modern irrigation techniques such as soil moisture sensor-based irrigation. Soil moisture controlled irrigation senses the moisture content in soil and according to that output in control pump or valve used for irrigation. This paper also focuses on measuring and maintaining soil temperature within permissible values. The paper gives a general picture of soil moisture controlled irrigation circuitry and its components. This paper consists of different methodologies used in farming techniques which help to overcome the water crisis in India.