The prevalence of child labour is one of the most important problems confronting the world at large, especially in developing countries such as India. In many cases, child labour is mainly necessitated by the economic compulsions of the parents. The main reason which gives rise to child labour is widespread unemployment and underemployment among the adult poor strata of the population, inter alia, due to the sharp growth of population. Large families with low income and often lack educational facilities, illiteracy, and ignorance of parents about the importance of education as well as about the impact of labour on the health of their children are some of the reasons which breed child labour. Over the years, however, global consciousness about the seriousness of the problem has been created. The constitution of India also committed to the protection and promotion of welfare considerations over the economic ones. Therefore, a series of committees and commissions have been appointed by the Government of India either specifically on the question of child labor, which gives us insights into the problem and to give suggestions to alleviate this problem. The policies of modern governments in relation to child labor and child development must be pragmatic and comprehensive.