Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most prevailing unknown etiology in the Uddanam region of Srikakulam district. Many studies suggested that water could be one of the factors for the CKD and hence the study was focused on the assessment of surface water for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons for two consecutive years. The water samples have been collected from the selected 13 villages in Uddanam region which are at high risk. All the water samples showed acidic nature (pH < 6.5), greater hardness and high phosphate ions. The water samples were also analyzed for Fe, As, Cd, Pb and Hg. The water can only be suitable for drinking and cooking through proper water treatment methods.