Niger, scientifically known as Guizotiaabyssinica, is an important secondary oilseed crop originating from Ethiopia and belonging to the Asteraceae family. Also known as ramtil or khurasani, it has gained prominence for its medicinal properties and oil-rich seeds. While Ethiopia is its place of origin, India has emerged as a leading producer.With its rich oil content of around 40%, primarily composed of linoleic acid, niger finds extensive use in edible oil production and traditional medicine. In India, it remains a staple in various rural and tribal areas. However, despite its significance, scientific exploration of its benefits has been limited.Niger is an annual herb, reaching up to 2 meters in height, with a well-developed taproot and hollow, hairy stems. Its bright yellow flowers produce small, glossy black seeds containing valuable fatty acids and proteins. Niger is cultivated in several countries worldwide, including Ethiopia, India, and Brazil.The crop has diverse uses, from edible oil extraction to medicinal applications. Its seeds are employed in treating ailments such as syphilis and coughs, while its oil is utilized for birth control. Its nutritional composition includes essential amino acids like arginine and aspartic acid, making it a valuable dietary supplement.Despite its potential, niger cultivation faces challenges such as limited genetic variation, susceptibility to diseases, and declining production areas. Efforts are underway to introduce advanced varieties with improved traits like disease resistance and higher oil content.In India, states like Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Odisha lead in niger cultivation, though production has seen fluctuations over the years. Initiatives are required to educate farmers on proper cultivation techniques, enhance research for advanced varieties, and address production challenges to unleash niger's full potential as a valuable oilseed crop.