The pre-test, post-test small group control experiment with an element of descriptive survey study was used to examine the effects of group learning on college students’ understanding of chemical concepts in science. The study was conducted at Bagabaga College of Education, Tamale. A total of 102 first-year students were used for the study. Test and survey questionnaire were the main instruments used for the study. Data obtained were analysed using t-test to determine if there were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of performance and retention at the 0.05 confidence level. The t-test analysis of the results showed that there was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups in terms of performance in the pre-test but, there was significant difference between the two groups in the post-test in favour of the experimental group after the treatment.